on video Capacitor types

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Capacitors differ according to the nature of their dielectric. We thus distinguish:

Paper Capacitors

ceramic capacitors

mica capacitors

plastic film capacitors

glass capacitors

Electrolytic or polarized capacitors

Charge of a capacitor

The switch K i is closed and the switch K2 open. When K is closed, the ammeter shows a high intensity which decreases rapidly and the voltmeter indicates zero when switch K is closed, and the voltage UC then increases rapidly.

After a certain time, the intensity I is zero and the voltage UC is maximum, that means UC=UA. The capacitor is said to have charged.

At the start of its charge, a capacitor behaves like a zero resistance (short-circuit). We therefore have: UC0 and I0=UA/R, I0 is maximum.

At the end of the charging of a capacitor, the latter behaves like an open circuit If=0 and UCF=UA.

A capacitor whose shapes are not connected to any circuit retains its charge and maintains a constant voltage between its terminals. The curves obtained are as follows.

 Décharge d'un condensateur 

Une fois C complètement chargée, ouvrons K1 et fermons K2. L'ampèremètre dévie en sens contraire, le condensateur est devenu un dipôle actif ou un générateur dont la force électrique diminue au cours du temps. Au début de la décharge la tension aux bornes du condensateur est égale à la tension de l'alimentation: UC=UA et UR=-UA.

A la fin de la décharge, la tension UC est nulle UC=0 et UR=0

Charging time, discharging time

The charge and discharge time is based on the knowledge of the quantity Ø=R.C called time constant. If R in ohm; C to F; Ø in s.

Theoretically the charge or the discharge of a condenser never ends if one does not cut the circuit. The calculation shows that after a time of 3Ø a capacitor which charges reaches 95% of the limit voltage and that after this same time a capacitor which discharges has only 5% of its initial voltage . These percentages are respectively 99% and 1% after a time of 5Ø. One can consider that at the end of 5Ø a condenser which is charged is completely discharged.

Capacitors differ according to the nature of their dielectric. We thus distinguish:

Paper Capacitors

ceramic capacitors

mica capacitors

plastic film capacitors

glass capacitors

Electrolytic or polarized capacitors

Charge of a capacitor

The switch K i is closed and the switch K2 open. When K is closed, the ammeter shows a high intensity which decreases rapidly and the voltmeter indicates zero when switch K is closed, and the voltage UC then increases rapidly.

After a certain time, the intensity I is zero and the voltage UC is maximum, that means UC=UA. The capacitor is said to have charged.

At the start of its charge, a capacitor behaves like a zero resistance (short-circuit). We therefore have: UC0 and I0=UA/R, I0 is maximum.

At the end of the charging of a capacitor, the latter behaves like an open circuit If=0 and UCF=UA.

A capacitor whose shapes are not connected to any circuit retains its charge and maintains a constant voltage between its terminals. The curves obtained are as follows.

discharge of a capacitor

Once C is fully charged, let's open K1 and close K2. The ammeter deviates in the opposite direction, the capacitor has become an active dipole or a generator whose electrical force decreases over time. At the start of the discharge, the voltage across the capacitor is equal to the supply voltage: UC=UA and UR=-UA.

At the end of the discharge, the voltage UC is zero UC=0 and UR=0

Charging time, discharging time

The charge and discharge time is based on the knowledge of the quantity Ø=R.C called time constant. If R in ohm; C to F; Ø in s.

Theoretically the charge or the discharge of a condenser never ends if one does not cut the circuit. The calculation shows that after a time of 3Ø a capacitor which charges reaches 95% of the limit voltage and that after this same time a capacitor which discharges has only 5% of its initial voltage . These percentages are respectively 99% and 1% after a time of 5Ø. One can consider that at the end of 5Ø a condenser which is charged is completely discharged.

 

Capacitors differ according to the nature of their dielectric. We thus distinguish:

Paper Capacitors

ceramic capacitors

mica capacitors

plastic film capacitors

glass capacitors

Electrolytic or polarized capacitors

Charge of a capacitor

The switch K i is closed and the switch K2 open. When K is closed, the ammeter shows a high intensity which decreases rapidly and the voltmeter indicates zero when switch K is closed, and the voltage UC then increases rapidly.

After a certain time, the intensity I is zero and the voltage UC is maximum, that means UC=UA. The capacitor is said to have charged.

At the start of its charge, a capacitor behaves like a zero resistance (short-circuit). We therefore have: UC0 and I0=UA/R, I0 is maximum.

At the end of the charging of a capacitor, the latter behaves like an open circuit If=0 and UCF=UA.

A capacitor whose shapes are not connected to any circuit retains its charge and maintains a constant voltage between its terminals. The curves obtained are as follows.

 Décharge d'un condensateur 

Une fois C complètement chargée, ouvrons K1 et fermons K2. L'ampèremètre dévie en sens contraire, le condensateur est devenu un dipôle actif ou un générateur dont la force électrique diminue au cours du temps. Au début de la décharge la tension aux bornes du condensateur est égale à la tension de l'alimentation: UC=UA et UR=-UA.

A la fin de la décharge, la tension UC est nulle UC=0 et UR=0

Charging time, discharging time

The charge and discharge time is based on the knowledge of the quantity Ø=R.C called time constant. If R in ohm; C to F; Ø in s.

Theoretically the charge or the discharge of a condenser never ends if one does not cut the circuit. The calculation shows that after a time of 3Ø a capacitor which charges reaches 95% of the limit voltage and that after this same time a capacitor which discharges has only 5% of its initial voltage . These percentages are respectively 99% and 1% after a time of 5Ø. One can consider that at the end of 5Ø a condenser which is charged is completely discharged.

Capacitors differ according to the nature of their dielectric. We thus distinguish:

Paper Capacitors

ceramic capacitors

mica capacitors

plastic film capacitors

glass capacitors

Electrolytic or polarized capacitors

Charge of a capacitor

The switch K i is closed and the switch K2 open. When K is closed, the ammeter shows a high intensity which decreases rapidly and the voltmeter indicates zero when switch K is closed, and the voltage UC then increases rapidly.

After a certain time, the intensity I is zero and the voltage UC is maximum, that means UC=UA. The capacitor is said to have charged.

At the start of its charge, a capacitor behaves like a zero resistance (short-circuit). We therefore have: UC0 and I0=UA/R, I0 is maximum.

At the end of the charging of a capacitor, the latter behaves like an open circuit If=0 and UCF=UA.

A capacitor whose shapes are not connected to any circuit retains its charge and maintains a constant voltage between its terminals. The curves obtained are as follows.

discharge of a capacitor

Once C is fully charged, let's open K1 and close K2. The ammeter deviates in the opposite direction, the capacitor has become an active dipole or a generator whose electrical force decreases over time. At the start of the discharge, the voltage across the capacitor is equal to the supply voltage: UC=UA and UR=-UA.

At the end of the discharge, the voltage UC is zero UC=0 and UR=0

Charging time, discharging time

The charge and discharge time is based on the knowledge of the quantity Ø=R.C called time constant. If R in ohm; C to F; Ø in s.

Theoretically the charge or the discharge of a condenser never ends if one does not cut the circuit. The calculation shows that after a time of 3Ø a capacitor which charges reaches 95% of the limit voltage and that after this same time a capacitor which discharges has only 5% of its initial voltage . These percentages are respectively 99% and 1% after a time of 5Ø. One can consider that at the end of 5Ø a condenser which is charged is completely discharged.